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The Railway (poem)
''The Railway'' (Железная дорога, Zheleznaya doroga) is a poem by Nikolai Nekrasov written in early 1864. Banned by censors in May and first published on November 24, 1865, in the October issue of ''Sovremennik'', it is regarded as one of the most powerful anti-capitalist statements of 19th-century Russian literature.〔Chukovsky, K.I.. Commentaries to The Railway (Железная дорога). The Works by N.A.Nekrasov in 8 vol. Khudozhestvennaya Literatura, Moscow. 1967. Vol. II. P. 416.〕
==Background==
The poem is based upon the real history of the construction of the Nikolayevskaya (now Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway) in 1843-1851. The builders (most of them, peasant serfs) were paid the average 3 rubles per month, cheated even out of this by their supervisors and punished by lashes for misconduct. The loss of life among the workers was heavy, the exact number of victims remained unknown, although Nekrasov in his poem mentions five thousand.
Responsible for the project was Count Pyotr Kleinmichel, then the Russia' Transport minister and a ruthless administrator. Hence the short introduction in the form of an epigraph: "Vanya (in cabman's jacket): "Father, who's built this railway?" Father (in a coat with red lining): "Count Pyotr Andreyevich Kleinmikhel, my dear!"
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